A direct approach involves the reaction of aziridine with sulfurous acid. Synthetic taurine is obtained by the ammonolysis of isethionic acid (2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid), which in turn is obtained from the reaction of ethylene oxide with aqueous sodium bisulfite. The sulfonic acid has a low p K a ensuring that it is fully ionized to the sulfonate at the pHs found in the intestinal tract. Taurine exists as a zwitterion H 3N +CH 2CH 2SO − 3, as verified by X-ray crystallography. It is an unusual example of a naturally occurring sulfonic acid.Ĭhemical and biochemical features Taurine concentrations in land plants are very low or undetectable, but up to 1000 nmol/g wet weight have been found in algae. It is essential for cardiovascular function, and development and function of skeletal muscle, the retina, and the central nervous system. It has many biological roles, such as conjugation of bile acids, antioxidation, osmoregulation, membrane stabilization, and modulation of calcium signaling. It was discovered in human bile in 1846 by Edmund Ronalds. It is named after Latin taurus ( cognate to Ancient Greek ταῦρος, taûros) meaning bull or ox, as it was first isolated from ox bile in 1827 by German scientists Friedrich Tiedemann and Leopold Gmelin. It is a major constituent of bile and can be found in the large intestine, and accounts for up to 0.1% of total human body weight. Consume moderately.Taurine ( / ˈ t ɔː r iː n/), or 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, is a non-proteinogenic amino sulfonic acid that is widely-distributed in animal tissues. Not recommended for children or pregnant or breast-feeding women (32 mg/100 ml). A brand new product category - Energy Drinks - was born. He developed a new product and a unique marketing concept and launched Red Bull Energy Drink on Apin Austria. Inspired by functional drinks from the Far East, Dietrich Mateschitz founded Red Bull in the mid-1980s. Red Bull cans are made of 100% recyclable aluminium. Richmond Marketing / Richmond Marketing (NI) Ltd. Vitamins are essential micronutrients that are required for maintaining normal body functions Company Name Water, Sucrose, Glucose, Acid (Citric Acid), Carbon Dioxide, Taurine (0.4%), Acidity Regulators (Sodium Carbonates, Magnesium Carbonates), Caffeine (0.03%), Vitamins (Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, B6, B12), Flavourings, Colours (Plain Caramel, Riboflavins)įor allergens, see ingredients in bold Web Address Sugars: Red Bull Energy Drink is made with sugar sourced from sugar beets.Īlpine Water: Naturally, water is a main ingredient of Red Bull.ģ55ml Red Bull energy drink can, Vitalizes body and mind Pack Size It is involved in a wide range of biological processes.ī-group vitamins: Vitamins are essential micronutrients that are required for maintaining normal body functions. Taurine: Taurine is an amino acid, naturally occurring in the human body and present in the daily diet. They consumed it from natural sources like tea, coffee, cacao beans and cola nuts and appreciated its stimulating effects on the human body. Red Bull Energy Drink is appreciated worldwide by top athletes, students, and in highly demanding professions as well as during long drives.Ĭaffeine: Caffeine was already known by ancient civilisations. The amount of sugars in a can of Red Bull Energy Drink is comparable to the level of sugars in an equivalent amount of apple or orange juice - 11 g per 100 ml. One 250ml can of Red Bull Energy Drink contains 80 mg of caffeine, about the same amount as in a cup of home-brewed coffee. Red Bull Energy Drink's special formula contains ingredients of high quality: Caffeine, Taurine, B-Group Vitamins, Sugars, Alpine Water.
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